About this book:

"A History of Capitalism" invites readers on an expansive journey through the evolution of one of the world’s most influential economic systems, tracing its roots from the clay‑tablet markets of Mesopotamia to the algorithm‑driven finance of the twenty‑first century. Each chapter builds a clear narrative that shows how private ownership, profit motive, and market exchange emerged, were tested, and transformed across centuries, allowing readers to see the deep connections between ancient trade practices and today’s globalized economy.

Readers will encounter the pivotal moments that reshaped societies: the Commercial Revolution of the Italian city‑states, the brutal enclosures that created a landless proletariat, the roar of steam and iron that powered the Industrial Revolution, and the ideological clashes between Adam Smith’s invisible hand and Karl Marx’s critique of exploitation. The book also explains how state policies—from mercantilist bullion hoarding to Bretton Woods cooperation and later neoliberal deregulation—have repeatedly redirected the flow of capital and power.

Beyond the milestones of production and trade, the work delves into the human experience of capitalism, examining the rise of the working class, the formation of trade unions, the social upheavals of the Gilded Age, and the postwar welfare state that promised shared prosperity. It brings to life the cultural forces that undergirded economic change, such as the Protestant ethic, the gospel of wealth, and the consumer credit boom of the Roaring Twenties, helping readers understand why capitalism feels both empowering and unsettling at different times.

The narrative continues into the contemporary era, unpacking the financialization of Wall Street, the dot‑com bubble, the rise of state‑led capitalism in China, and the stark realities of inequality highlighted by movements like Occupy Wall Street and thinkers like Thomas Piketty. Readers will gain insight into the challenges that loom ahead—climate limits, artificial intelligence, surveillance capitalism, and renewed debates over universal basic income and stakeholder responsibility—offering a foundation for thinking critically about what capitalism might become.

By the end of the book, readers will have a comprehensive grasp of how capitalism’s core principles have been continually invented, contested, and reinvented, equipping them with the historical perspective needed to engage with today’s economic debates and to imagine possible futures for the system that shapes our world.