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The Small Refinery Loophole
How EPA Exemptions Undermined the Renewable Fuel Standard

Book Details
About this book:

The Small Refinery Loophole A billion-dollar regulatory escape hatch. A clandestine flood of waivers. An all-out war between the Corn Belt and the Rust Belt that reached the steps of the Supreme Court.

*The Small Refinery Loophole* pulls back the curtain on one of the most consequential—and least understood—battles in modern American energy policy. What began as a narrow safety valve for struggling mom-and-pop refineries mutated into a shadow subsidy for petroleum giants, secretly authorized by political appointees and traded like derivatives on Wall Street. With unprecedented access to the mechanics of the Renewable Fuel Standard, this book reveals how lobbyists on K Street rewrote environmental law in backrooms, how "Confidential Business Information" became a cloak for regulatory capture, and how the promise of energy independence was sacrificed on the altar of administrative ambiguity.

From the shuttered ethanol plants of Iowa to the marble corridors of the Tenth Circuit and the Supreme Court, this is a masterclass in how the smallest statutory footnotes can bring down the largest legislative architectures. For anyone who wonders why climate policy stalls, why rural America feels betrayed, or how corporate power bends the rule of law, *The Small Refinery Loophole* is the definitive case study—a cautionary tale written in billions of lost gallons, broken rural economies, and a statute that still haunts the path to a clean energy future.

Table of Contents:
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1 Fields of Gold, Wells of Black: The Origins of the RFS
  • Chapter 2 The Legislative Compromise: Designing the Hardship Relief
  • Chapter 3 RINs Explained: The Currency of Compliance
  • Chapter 4 The Disproportionate Burden: Defining Economic Hardship
  • Chapter 5 The Quiet Years: Early Precedents and Minimal Waivers
  • Chapter 6 Cracking the Code: Refiners Learn to Game the System
  • Chapter 7 Shift in the Political Winds: A New Administration in Washington
  • Chapter 8 Scott Pruitt’s Floodgates: The Explosion of Exemptions
  • Chapter 9 Shadow Waivers: Billion-Dollar Giants in Small Refinery Clothing
  • Chapter 10 The Corn Belt Reeling: Ethanol Plants Go Dark
  • Chapter 11 Wall Street on the Mississippi: Trading and Crashing the RIN Market
  • Chapter 12 Big Ag Strikes Back: Mobilizing the Farm Lobby
  • Chapter 13 The Rust Belt vs. The Grain Belt: A Nation Politically Divided
  • Chapter 14 The Department of Energy’s Secret Scoring Matrix
  • Chapter 15 Behind Closed Doors: Petrochemical Lobbying on K Street
  • Chapter 16 Broken Promises: The Iowa Caucus in the Shadow of the Waiver
  • Chapter 17 Taking the EPA to Court: The Tenth Circuit Showdown
  • Chapter 18 Renewable Fuels Association v. EPA: The Legal Turning Point
  • Chapter 19 Environmental Fallout: Lost Emissions Reductions
  • Chapter 20 HollyFrontier at the Supreme Court: The Semantics of "Extension"
  • Chapter 21 The Ruling: Interpreting a Broken Statute
  • Chapter 22 The Hangover: Cleaning Up the EPA’s SRE Backlog
  • Chapter 23 Collateral Damage: Advanced Biofuels and Electric RINs
  • Chapter 24 The Post-2022 Reset: The EPA's Set Rule Era
  • Chapter 25 Legacy of the Loophole: Energy Independence and Policy Fragility
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Author:

William V. Murphy

Published By:

MixCache.com Extended Catalog

Type:

Nonfiction

Date Published:

October 15, 2026

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