Claudia Sheinbaum

• Introduction

• Chapter 1 A Secular Jewish Upbringing in Mexico City

• Chapter 2 The Budding Scientist: Education at UNAM

• Chapter 3 Doctoral Research at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

• Chapter 4 Early Activism and the Seeds of a Political Career

• Chapter 5 Entering Politics: Secretary of the Environment

• Chapter 6 The Metrobús and the Second Story of the Periférico

• Chapter 7 Joining the National Regeneration Movement (Morena)

• Chapter 8 Tlalpan: A Borough Transformed

• Chapter 9 The Colegio Enrique Rébsamen Controversy

• Chapter 10 Campaigning for Head of Government of Mexico City

• Chapter 11 Historic Victory: First Female Head of Government

• Chapter 12 Governing Mexico City: Priorities and Policies

• Chapter 13 Confronting Crime: A Multifaceted Approach

• Chapter 14 Social Programs and Educational Initiatives

• Chapter 15 Environmental Stewardship in a Megacity

• Chapter 16 Infrastructure: Modernizing Transportation

• Chapter 17 Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic

• Chapter 18 The Collapse of Metro Line 12: Crisis and Accountability

• Chapter 19 The Path to the Presidency: Resignation and Nomination

• Chapter 20 The 2024 Presidential Campaign: A Historic Race

• Chapter 21 Landslide Victory: A New Era for Mexico

• Chapter 22 The Presidential Transition: Priorities and Plans

• Chapter 23 Inauguration and Early Days of the Presidency

• Chapter 24 Domestic Policy: Tackling Crime and Reforming Government

• Chapter 25 Foreign Policy: Navigating a Complex World

Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, born on June 24, 1962, in Mexico City, is a name that has become synonymous with change, resilience, and leadership in contemporary Mexico. Her journey, chronicled in the pages of this book, is a testament to the transformative power of dedication, intellect, and a deep-seated commitment to social justice. From her early years in a secular Jewish family to her groundbreaking election as the first female president of Mexico, Sheinbaum's life story is one of unwavering determination and a relentless pursuit of a better future for her nation.

This biography delves into the multifaceted life of Claudia Sheinbaum, exploring the experiences and influences that shaped her into the leader she is today. It is a story that intertwines personal and political, academic and activist, scientific and social. Through meticulous research and a wealth of information, this book aims to provide a comprehensive and nuanced portrait of a woman who has not only broken barriers but has also dedicated her life to building a more equitable and sustainable society.

Sheinbaum's upbringing in a family deeply engaged in left-wing politics laid the foundation for her future endeavors. Her parents, Carlos Sheinbaum Yoselevitz and Annie Pardo Cemo, were active participants in the social and political movements of the 1960s, instilling in their daughter a strong sense of social responsibility. This early exposure to activism and the pursuit of justice would later manifest in Sheinbaum's own political career, guiding her decisions and actions as she navigated the complex landscape of Mexican politics.

Her academic pursuits further distinguished her as a formidable intellect. Sheinbaum's educational journey took her from the halls of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) to the prestigious Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. With a doctorate in energy engineering, she emerged as a leading voice in the fields of energy, environment, and sustainable development. Her scholarly work, including over 100 articles and two books, reflects her commitment to addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing Mexico and the world.

Sheinbaum's transition from academia to politics was marked by her involvement in the student movements of the 1980s. As a member of the University Student Council at UNAM, she played a pivotal role in the formation of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), a significant force in Mexican politics. This early activism foreshadowed her future role as a political leader, demonstrating her ability to mobilize and inspire others toward a common goal.

Her entry into the political arena was solidified when she served as the Secretary of the Environment for Mexico City under the leadership of Andrés Manuel López Obrador. During her tenure, she oversaw the implementation of key environmental policies and infrastructure projects, including the introduction of the Metrobús and the construction of the second story of the Periférico. These initiatives not only improved the city's transportation system but also showcased her capacity for effective governance and her commitment to sustainable urban development.

In 2014, Sheinbaum made a significant political move by joining the National Regeneration Movement (Morena), a party founded by López Obrador. This decision marked a turning point in her career, aligning her with a political movement that sought to transform Mexico's political landscape. As the mayor of Tlalpan, she focused on improving public services, combating corruption, and implementing social programs that benefited the community. Her leadership in Tlalpan served as a microcosm of her broader vision for Mexico, one characterized by social justice, transparency, and citizen participation.

Sheinbaum's tenure as Head of Government of Mexico City was historic. Elected in 2018, she became the first woman to hold this position, bringing a fresh perspective and a renewed sense of purpose to the city's governance. Her administration prioritized security, education, environmental protection, and infrastructure development. She tackled crime through a multifaceted approach that included addressing root causes, enhancing police capabilities, and improving coordination among law enforcement agencies.

Her social programs, such as the "Mi Beca para Empezar" scholarship program and the establishment of community centers known as "pilares," aimed to empower marginalized communities and provide opportunities for education and personal growth. Sheinbaum's environmental policies focused on reducing air pollution, promoting recycling, and expanding green spaces, reflecting her deep understanding of the interconnectedness between environmental health and social well-being.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to Sheinbaum's administration. Her response, guided by her scientific background, emphasized data-driven decision-making and a focus on public health. While her approach sometimes differed from that of the federal government, it underscored her commitment to protecting the well-being of Mexico City's residents. The pandemic also highlighted her ability to navigate crises and make difficult decisions under pressure.

The collapse of Metro Line 12 in 2021 was a tragic event that tested Sheinbaum's leadership. The incident, which resulted in numerous deaths and injuries, sparked public outcry and demands for accountability. Sheinbaum's response, which included a thorough investigation and the dismissal of the Metro's director, demonstrated her willingness to address the issue head-on. However, the incident also raised questions about infrastructure maintenance and oversight, issues that would continue to be debated throughout her tenure.

Sheinbaum's decision to seek the presidency in 2024 marked a new chapter in her political journey. Her campaign, built on the principles of continuing the "Fourth Transformation" initiated by López Obrador, resonated with a broad segment of the Mexican population. She pledged to expand social programs, strengthen the fight against corruption, and promote sustainable development. Her historic victory in the 2024 election, where she secured a landslide win, made her the first female president of Mexico and the first person of Jewish descent to hold the office.

The presidential transition period saw Sheinbaum outlining her priorities and plans for the country. She emphasized the importance of social programs, judicial reform, and a commitment to continuing the fight against crime and corruption. Her early appointments, including the selection of her cabinet members, signaled her intention to build a government that reflected her values and priorities.

Sheinbaum's inauguration on October 1, 2024, was a momentous occasion, symbolizing a new era for Mexico. Her early days in office were marked by a focus on domestic policy, including efforts to tackle crime, reform the government, and address social issues. She continued the practice of holding daily press conferences, known as "mañaneras," maintaining a direct line of communication with the public.

Her foreign policy approach emphasized diplomacy and cooperation, with a focus on addressing regional and global challenges. Sheinbaum's engagement in international forums, such as the G20 summit, demonstrated her commitment to playing an active role on the world stage. Her stance on issues like the Israel-Palestine conflict and relations with the United States reflected a nuanced and principled approach to foreign policy.

In the realm of domestic policy, Sheinbaum's administration adopted a data-driven strategy to combat crime, focusing on improved policing, intelligence, and addressing root causes through increased social spending. Her appointment of Omar García Harfuch to head the Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection underscored her commitment to this approach. Early efforts to confront organized crime resulted in significant arrests and the dismantling of drug laboratories, although they also highlighted the ongoing challenges in the fight against drug cartels.

Sheinbaum's energy policy aimed to reestablish the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) and Pemex as public entities, reversing aspects of the 2013 energy reform. This move reflected her commitment to energy sovereignty and ensuring that public needs were prioritized over profit. Her government reform initiatives included the dissolution of autonomous bodies overseeing telecommunications, economic competition, and transparency, as part of an effort to streamline government functions and enhance efficiency.

Infrastructure development remained a key focus, with Sheinbaum committing to expanding Mexico's passenger rail network and modernizing ports across the country. Her continued use of the Military Engineers Corps for government infrastructure projects reflected a pragmatic approach to achieving these goals. Welfare programs were expanded under her administration, with the introduction of new initiatives aimed at supporting senior women and providing medical care to the elderly and people with disabilities.

In the international arena, Sheinbaum's first trip abroad as president to attend the G20 summit showcased her commitment to global engagement. Her proposals on environmental issues and her advocacy for expanding the United Nations Security Council highlighted her vision for a more inclusive and cooperative international order. Her approach to the Israel-Palestine conflict emphasized the need for a two-state solution and a proactive role for the United Nations in promoting peace.

Relations with the United States were marked by both cooperation and tension. Sheinbaum's engagement with U.S. Ambassador Ken Salazar and her response to President Donald Trump's tariff threats demonstrated her ability to navigate complex diplomatic challenges. Her commitment to addressing issues like drug trafficking and arms smuggling reflected a pragmatic approach to bilateral relations, while her willingness to retaliate against tariffs underscored her determination to protect Mexico's interests.

This biography of Claudia Sheinbaum is more than just a chronicle of her life; it is a reflection on the evolution of Mexican society and the ongoing struggle for justice, equality, and progress. Her story is one of resilience, determination, and a deep-seated commitment to serving the people of Mexico. As the first female president, Sheinbaum's leadership represents a significant milestone in the nation's history, offering hope and inspiration for future generations. Through her actions and policies, she has demonstrated that it is possible to break barriers, challenge the status quo, and build a more inclusive and equitable society. This book aims to capture the essence of her journey, providing readers with a deeper understanding of the woman behind the title and the forces that have shaped her remarkable life.

Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo's life began in Mexico City on June 24, 1962, amidst a backdrop of social and political ferment. Her birth coincided with a period of significant change in Mexico, marked by student movements, labor unrest, and a growing demand for democratic reforms. The country was grappling with the challenges of modernization while still under the long shadow of the Institutional Revolutionary Party's (PRI) dominance. This era of transformation would profoundly influence Sheinbaum's upbringing and shape her future trajectory as a scientist, activist, and ultimately, the first female president of Mexico. Sheinbaum's family background was steeped in a rich tapestry of Jewish heritage, intellectual pursuit, and left-wing activism.

Her parents, Carlos Sheinbaum Yoselevitz and Annie Pardo Cemo, were both accomplished academics and active participants in the progressive movements of their time. Carlos, a chemist, hailed from an Ashkenazi Jewish family that had emigrated from Lithuania in 1928. His father, a jewelry merchant, had been a member of the Mexican Communist Party, reflecting the family's early engagement with leftist ideologies. Annie, a biologist, came from a Sephardic Jewish family that had fled Bulgaria in 1942 to escape the persecution of Jews during World War II. She would later distinguish herself as the first Sephardic woman in the Mexican academic world, breaking barriers and setting a precedent for future generations.

The Sheinbaum-Pardo household was one where intellectual curiosity and social consciousness were deeply intertwined. Dinner table conversations often revolved around scientific discoveries, political debates, and discussions about social justice. Sheinbaum's parents were not only dedicated to their respective scientific fields but also actively involved in the political and social movements that were sweeping Mexico during the 1960s. They participated in protests, supported workers' movements, and were vocal advocates for change, creating an environment where their children were exposed to the importance of civic engagement and the pursuit of a more equitable society. This upbringing instilled in Sheinbaum a strong sense of social responsibility and a commitment to addressing systemic inequalities.

Sheinbaum's early life was also marked by a strong connection to her Jewish heritage, albeit in a secular context. While her family did not strictly adhere to religious practices, they maintained a deep appreciation for their cultural roots and the historical struggles faced by Jewish communities around the world. This secular Jewish identity provided Sheinbaum with a unique perspective, one that combined a respect for tradition with a commitment to progressive values. It also fostered an awareness of the importance of social justice and the need to combat discrimination in all its forms, themes that would later resonate throughout her political career. Growing up in this environment, Sheinbaum developed a keen awareness of the world around her, absorbing the lessons of her parents' activism and their dedication to their fields of study.

Sheinbaum's older brother, Julio, a physicist and physical oceanography researcher, and her younger sister, Adriana, a teacher who later moved to the United States, were also part of this intellectually stimulating household. The siblings were encouraged to pursue their academic interests and to engage critically with the world around them. This emphasis on education and intellectual growth would play a crucial role in Sheinbaum's own academic achievements and her later approach to policymaking, which often emphasized evidence-based solutions and a deep understanding of complex issues. The family's commitment to education was not merely about academic success but also about fostering a sense of responsibility towards society and encouraging the siblings to use their knowledge for the greater good.

The 1960s in Mexico were a time of significant social and political upheaval. The country was experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization, which brought about both economic growth and social dislocation. The PRI, which had ruled Mexico since 1929, was facing increasing criticism for its authoritarian tendencies and its failure to address the needs of a growing and increasingly diverse population. Student movements, inspired by global events such as the civil rights movement in the United States and the student protests in France, began to challenge the status quo, demanding greater democracy and social justice. Sheinbaum's parents were active participants in these movements, and their involvement exposed her to the realities of political activism and the risks associated with challenging the established order.

The Tlatelolco massacre of 1968, in which hundreds of student protesters were killed by government forces, was a particularly traumatic event that had a profound impact on Mexican society and on the Sheinbaum-Pardo family. Although Sheinbaum was only six years old at the time, the event left an indelible mark on her parents and their circle of friends and colleagues. The massacre exposed the brutal lengths to which the government was willing to go to suppress dissent and maintain its grip on power. It also served as a stark reminder of the importance of fighting for democratic rights and social justice, a lesson that Sheinbaum would carry with her throughout her life. The event further solidified her parents' commitment to activism and their belief in the need for systemic change in Mexico.

Despite the challenges and risks associated with their activism, Sheinbaum's parents remained committed to their ideals and continued to participate in movements for social and political change. They instilled in their children the importance of standing up for what they believed in, even in the face of adversity. This early exposure to activism and the struggle for social justice would later shape Sheinbaum's own political ideology and her commitment to addressing inequality and promoting social mobility. It also taught her the value of perseverance and the importance of collective action in achieving meaningful change. The lessons learned during her formative years would later inform her approach to governance and her dedication to creating a more inclusive and equitable society.

Sheinbaum's upbringing was also characterized by a strong emphasis on education and intellectual development. Her parents, both accomplished academics, placed a high value on learning and encouraged their children to pursue their intellectual interests. Sheinbaum's own academic journey began in the public schools of Mexico City, where she excelled in her studies and demonstrated an early aptitude for science. Her interest in science was nurtured by her parents, who provided her with books, resources, and opportunities to explore her curiosity. This supportive environment fostered a lifelong love of learning and a commitment to academic excellence that would later define her career as a scientist and researcher. The emphasis on education also instilled in her a belief in the power of knowledge to transform lives and societies.

As Sheinbaum progressed through her education, she became increasingly aware of the social and economic disparities that existed in Mexican society. She witnessed firsthand the challenges faced by marginalized communities and the lack of opportunities available to many of her peers. These experiences deepened her commitment to social justice and fueled her desire to use her education and skills to make a positive impact on society. Her parents' activism and their dedication to social causes served as a constant reminder of the importance of using one's talents and knowledge to address systemic inequalities and promote social mobility. These early experiences would later influence her decision to enter politics and her focus on creating policies that addressed the root causes of poverty and inequality.

The combination of her secular Jewish upbringing, her parents' intellectual and political engagement, and the broader social and political context of Mexico in the 1960s and 1970s created a unique environment that shaped Sheinbaum's worldview and laid the foundation for her future endeavors. She emerged from her childhood and adolescence with a strong sense of social responsibility, a deep commitment to education and intellectual inquiry, and a belief in the power of collective action to bring about meaningful change. These values would guide her as she embarked on her academic career, entered the political arena, and ultimately ascended to the highest office in the land. Her upbringing provided her with the tools and the determination to navigate the complexities of Mexican society and to strive for a more just and equitable future for all its citizens.

Sheinbaum's early exposure to political activism and social movements also taught her the importance of grassroots organizing and the power of collective action. She witnessed how ordinary citizens, united by a common purpose, could challenge the status quo and demand change. These experiences would later inform her approach to politics, which emphasized the importance of engaging with communities, listening to their concerns, and working collaboratively to find solutions. Her ability to connect with people from diverse backgrounds and to mobilize them towards a common goal would become one of her key strengths as a political leader. This understanding of the power of collective action also shaped her belief in the importance of participatory democracy and the need to empower citizens to play an active role in shaping their own futures.

The Sheinbaum-Pardo family's commitment to social justice extended beyond their immediate community. They were part of a broader network of intellectuals, activists, and artists who were working to create a more democratic and equitable society in Mexico. This network provided Sheinbaum with a support system and a sense of belonging, reinforcing her belief in the importance of solidarity and collective action. It also exposed her to a wide range of perspectives and ideas, further enriching her intellectual and political development. The connections she made during this time would later prove invaluable as she navigated the complexities of Mexican politics and sought to build coalitions to advance her agenda. These relationships also provided her with a sense of shared purpose and a belief in the possibility of creating a better future for Mexico.

As Sheinbaum entered her teenage years, she continued to excel academically while also becoming more involved in social and political issues. She witnessed the challenges faced by her country, including economic instability, social unrest, and political repression. These experiences deepened her commitment to social justice and fueled her desire to contribute to positive change in Mexico. Her parents' example continued to inspire her, demonstrating that it was possible to combine a successful career with a commitment to social activism. They showed her that individuals could make a difference, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. This belief in the power of individual agency would later become a central tenet of her political philosophy and her approach to governance.

The 1970s in Mexico were marked by a period of economic crisis and political turmoil. The oil boom of the early 1970s had given way to a debt crisis by the end of the decade, leading to widespread economic hardship and social unrest. The government's response to the crisis, which included austerity measures and cuts to social programs, further exacerbated inequality and deepened the divide between the rich and the poor. These events had a profound impact on Sheinbaum, reinforcing her commitment to addressing social and economic disparities and highlighting the need for more equitable and sustainable economic policies. The crisis also exposed the limitations of the existing political system and the need for fundamental reforms to address the root causes of inequality and poverty.

Sheinbaum's growing awareness of these issues led her to become more involved in student activism during her high school years. She participated in protests and demonstrations, demanding greater democracy, social justice, and an end to government corruption. These experiences provided her with valuable insights into the challenges of organizing and mobilizing people around a common cause. They also taught her the importance of persistence and resilience in the face of adversity. These early experiences in activism would later prove invaluable as she navigated the complexities of Mexican politics and sought to build a broad-based movement for change. They also instilled in her a deep respect for the power of grassroots movements and the importance of listening to the voices of ordinary citizens.

Despite the challenges and uncertainties of the time, Sheinbaum remained focused on her academic pursuits. She recognized that education was a powerful tool for personal and social advancement and was determined to make the most of the opportunities available to her. Her academic excellence earned her admission to the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), one of the most prestigious universities in Latin America. This marked the beginning of a new chapter in her life, one that would see her deepen her scientific knowledge, further develop her political consciousness, and lay the groundwork for her future career as a scientist, activist, and political leader. Her decision to study physics at UNAM reflected her passion for science and her desire to use her knowledge to address pressing social and environmental challenges.

Sheinbaum's upbringing in a secular Jewish household also provided her with a unique perspective on issues of identity, belonging, and social justice. While her family did not strictly adhere to religious practices, they maintained a strong connection to their cultural heritage and the historical struggles faced by Jewish communities around the world. This awareness of her own identity and the experiences of her ancestors instilled in her a deep empathy for marginalized and persecuted groups. It also fostered a commitment to fighting against discrimination and promoting tolerance and understanding. These values would later become central to her political ideology and her efforts to create a more inclusive and equitable society in Mexico. Her Jewish heritage also provided her with a global perspective and an understanding of the interconnectedness of different cultures and societies.

The combination of her academic pursuits, her political activism, and her unique cultural background shaped Sheinbaum into a well-rounded and deeply thoughtful individual. She emerged from her formative years with a clear sense of purpose and a determination to use her talents and knowledge to make a positive impact on the world. Her experiences had taught her the importance of education, the power of collective action, and the need to address systemic inequalities. These lessons would guide her as she embarked on her journey into the world of science, activism, and ultimately, politics. They also provided her with the resilience and determination to overcome obstacles and to persevere in the face of adversity. Her upbringing had prepared her well for the challenges and opportunities that lay ahead.

As Sheinbaum prepared to enter university, she carried with her the values and experiences that had shaped her upbringing. She was ready to embrace the next chapter of her life, one that would see her delve deeper into the world of science, further develop her political consciousness, and continue on the path towards becoming a leader who would ultimately transform the political landscape of Mexico. Her journey was far from over, but the foundations had been laid for a life dedicated to knowledge, justice, and the pursuit of a better future for her country. The lessons of her childhood and adolescence would continue to guide her as she navigated the complexities of higher education, scientific research, and the ever-shifting terrain of Mexican politics.