About this book:

*Canals, Locks, and Hegemony* provides a comprehensive analysis of the Panama Canal as both a monumental engineering feat and a central pillar of 20th-century American geopolitics. The book traces the waterway’s evolution from the early, failed French attempts to the strategic American intervention that led to Panama’s secession from Colombia and the establishment of the Canal Zone. It highlights how the transition from a sea-level to a lock-based design allowed the United States to project power globally, using the canal as a vital shortcut for both naval fleets and commercial shipping during two World Wars and the height of the Cold War.

The narrative places significant emphasis on the human and social dimensions of the project, detailing the racial and national hierarchies of the "Gold and Silver" payroll systems and the grueling experiences of the West Indian labor force. It examines the strategic role of public health campaigns in managing tropical diseases like yellow fever and malaria, which were essential for maintaining the project’s productivity. Central to the book is the persistent struggle for Panamanian sovereignty, sparked by the unequal terms of the 1903 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty and culminating in the 1964 flag riots, which forced a fundamental reconsideration of the Canal Zone’s status.

The final section explores the landmark Torrijos–Carter Treaties and the successful transition to Panamanian administration in 1999. It examines the modern challenges facing the Panama Canal Authority, including the multi-billion-dollar expansion to accommodate "post-Panamax" vessels, the influence of neoliberal trade policies, and the increasing geopolitical presence of China. The book concludes with a sobering look at the canal’s future in the 21st century, where engineering mastery must now contend with systemic risks such as water stress, climate change, and the emergence of competing corridors in the Suez and the Arctic.